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Dr. Dudley Allen Buck (1927–1959) was an electrical engineer and inventor of components for high-speed computing devices in the 1950s. He is best known for invention of the cryotron, a superconductive computer component that is operated in liquid helium at a temperature near absolute zero. Other inventions were ferroelectric memory, content addressable memory, non-destructive sensing of magnetic fields, and, development of writing printed circuits with a beam of electrons. ==Inventions== The basic idea for the cryotron was entered into his MIT notebook on December 15, 1953. By 1955, Buck was building practical cryotron devices with niobium and tantalum.〔http://dome.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.3/40618/MC665_r15_M-3843.pdf〕 The cryotron was a great breakthrough in the size of electronic computer elements. In the next decade, cryotron research at other laboratories resulted in the invention of the Crowe Cell at IBM, the Josephson Junction, and the SQUID. Those inventions have today made possible the mapping of brain activity by magnetoencephalography. Despite the need for liquid helium, cryotrons were expected to make computers so small, that in 1957, Life Magazine displayed a full-page (photograph ) of Dudley Buck with a cryotron in one hand and a vacuum tube in the other. Another key invention by Dr. Buck was a method of non-destructive sensing of magnetic materials.〔http://dome.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.3/38996/MC665_r04_E-454.pdf〕 In the process of reading data from a typical magnetic core memory, the contents of the memory are erased, making it necessary to take additional time to re-write the data back into the magnetic storage. By design of 'quadrature sensing' of magnetic fields, the state of magnetism of the core may be read without alteration, thus eliminating the extra time required to re-write memory data. Dudley Buck invented recognition unit memory.〔http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD408276&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf〕〔Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology vol 2 p. 283〕 Also called content addressable memory, it is a technique of storing and retrieving data in which there is no need to know the location of that data. Not only is there no need to query an index for the location of data, the inquiry for data is broadcast to all memory elements simultaneously; thus data retrieval time is independent of the size of the database. FeRAM was first built by Buck as part of his thesis work in 1952. In addition to its use as computer memory, ferroelectric materials can be used to build shift registers, logic, and amplifiers. Buck showed that a ferroelectric switch could be useful to perform memory addressing.〔http://dome.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.3/39012/MC665_r04_E-460.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dudley Allen Buck」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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